What is Lupus?
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID
Description
Discoid lupus erythematosus is a chronic skin disorder. Localized DLE involves the skin on the face, scalp, ears, and neck. Generalized DLE involves the skin on the arms and chest. DLE is different from systemic lupus erythematosus, which affects many different internal organs. DLE can affect all ages and both sexes. It typically occurs in women in their 30s.
Frequent signs and symptoms
- Coin-shaped (discoid), red, raised, scaly skin patches (they may be referred to as rashes, plaques, or lesions). Erythematosus means reddening of the skin.
- The centers are lighter in color than the outside ring.
- Patches may appear anywhere on the face. The cheeks and jawline are the most common sites. Some people describe them as "butterfly" rash when they appear on both sides of the nose.
- The patches may sometimes appear on the scalp with patches of hair loss.
- Mucous membranes of the mouth may be affected.
- The affected skin is usually not itchy or painful.
- Scarring occurs as the rash heals.
Causes
Unknown. Both genetic and environmental factors may contribute. It is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. In these disorders, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body itself. It cannot be spread from one person to another person.
Risk increases with
Family history of DLE.
Preventive measures
No specific preventive measures.
Expected outcomes
Outcome is generally good. Symptoms of the disorder may come and go over years, but they are not life-threatening. Treatment can help improve the cosmetic appearance of the rash.
Possible complications
- Scarring of the face.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (about 10% of patients). If it does occur, it is usually not severe.
Diagnosis & treatment
General measures
- Your health care provider may do a physical exam and an exam of the affected skin. Medical tests may include blood studies and a skin biopsy. A biopsy involves removal of a sample of the affected skin for examination with a microscope.
- Treatment involves drugs and sunscreens.
- Sun exposure is a trigger for a flare-up. Don't go outdoors between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m., when the sun's ultraviolet light is strongest. If you can't avoid exposure to bright sunlight, wear protective clothing and maximum-protection sunscreen products.
- Regular checkups with your health care provider are important, even when in remission.
Medications
- Steroid skin creams or ointments are usually prescribed. Follow instructions carefully about their use.
- Plastic tape coated with steroid, injections of steroid into affected skin, or, rarely, oral steroids may be prescribed (with more severe symptoms).
- Antimalaria drugs may be prescribed. They are taken by mouth and often help the symptoms of this disorder.
- Use sunscreens for sun protection.
Activity
No limits.
Diet
No special diet. |
