Transmission mode

Transmission is respiratory, nasopharyngeal secretions spread by airborne droplets or through articles freshly soiled rare mucous membrane with secretions or skin lesions. The disease is more common in children between 2-14 years, winter and early spring. Is highly contagious, especially in the initial stage, during the contagion starting 1-2 days before rash appears and lasts about six days after the last wave eruptive. Basically, the source of infection is sick man. Scabs of chickenpox are contagious. Although varicella immunity is long after it is recognized that in some individuals the virus can persist years dormant in nerve cells, causing herpes zoster in adults painting.

Symptoms

Incubation ranging from 10 to 21 days, an average of 14-15 days and lasts three weeks quarantine. The severe forms occur only in children and adults with low resistance. In children, symptoms preceding the rash may be minor (mild fever, headache, myalgia) lasting 7-10 days. Every 1-2 days eruptive elements occur in November.

   Pre eruptive period lasts 2-3 days with headache fever and muscle aches and rarely a rash scarlet form transient type. During eruption, which takes 7-10 days, the rash appears first on the body where it dominates, then the front and shall be accompanied by fever and itchy, blistering appearance compared with droplets - to note that the eruption may occur hands, scalp, mucous membranes, especially in the mouth, larynx and connective tissues. Between waves eruptive mood is good, being influenced only by the character of pruritic eruption (which can cause anxiety, agitation) or the pain of mucosal ulcerations. End vesicle dries, forming a crust, leaving scar except a mild transient pigmentation. Crusting stage can last 10-20 days; fever accompanies each eruptive spurt, but not very high. The disease is usually easy to cure followed by a durable immune. Is it possible secondary bacterial infection of the eruptive elements? Neurological complications (menigo-encephalitis) Occur mainly in children immune. Pneumonia is rare in children.

Treatment

Chickenpox is a disease to be declared mandatory numerical isolation is done at home for at least 6 days after the rash appears and adult contacts are left free to carry out disinfection, continued and finished.

Home treatment and involves bed rest, hygiene, skin and mucous (because not break blisters can become infected). With powdered with skin rash alcohol mint or talc. General bath is allowed only after the fall of scale.

Severe or complicated cases require hospitalization. In light and medium forms are sufficient measures to prevent secondary bacterial infection and relieve itching. Prevention is by:

- Active immunization (with live attenuated vaccine) children recommended

- Passive immunization with immunoglobulin antivaricella specific, which is administered within the first 3-4 days of exposure to infection, especially those with immunosuppressant.