Gum diseases
Gum diseases are the bacterial tissue and bone that surround and support teeth. There are known disease periodontal.
Gingivitis is a disease that affects only the gums (the tissue surrounding the teeth). Gum disease is progressive and spreads below the gum flesh, damaging tissue and bone supporting the teeth, occurring periodontitis.
Gingivitis occurs through the gums red, swollen, which bleed easily when brushing. Since not cause gingivitis, usually pain, most people do not follow the necessary treatment.
Periodontitis occurs when gum disease progresses. Gums detach from teeth, leaving deep spaces where bacteria can grow and destroy bone in which teeth are fixed. Gums are withdrawn resulting in the appearance of long teeth. Teeth are mobile, may fall or be picked.
Causes
Gum disease is caused by bacteria to grow on teeth and gums. They are present in plaque (a clear substance, adhesion, produced mouth). Been removed in time, this card turns sticky deposit on teeth.
Bacteria in plaque feed on sugar foods and beverages producing toxins and other chemicals.
Toxins irritate the gums, causing inflammation and their bleeding.
Board can turn into a mineral deposit called tartar that irritate gums and lead to their detachment from the teeth.
While bacteria are the direct cause of gum disease, a number of other factors affect gum health. Risk of developing gum disease increases in the following cases:
- Smoking or people who chew tobacco
- The presence of family history of paradontopatis (other family members have such diseases, there is a genetic component)
- Women going through hormonal changes puberty, Menopause or task
- Certain drugs, such as contraceptive, Antidepressants or medications for heart disease
- Diseases that weaken the immune system, he may fight the infection (diabetes, AIDS, leukemia, high stress, poor diet nutrient).
Risk Factors
It is possible for a person to develop gum disease if not brushing teeth not used regularly or floss and do these, but ineffective, like staying on the teeth.
Cases increases the risk FOLLOWING:
- People who smoke or chew tobacco - Tobacco is considered one of the biggest risk factors, lowering his ability to fight infection, interferes with healing, making possible the emergence of serious problems gums after extraction.
- Genetic factors - if family history of gum disease, there is a greater potential than normal to appear in other family members, even if they have a good oral hygiene.
- Women going through hormonal changes (menopause, puberty, pregnancy)
- Diseases that weaken the immune system diabetes, AIDS, leukemia.
- Major stress - stress weakens the immune system and increases risk of infection.
- A diet low in vitamins and minerals, which weakens the immune system or eat foods high in sugar and other carbohydrates (Cereal, pasta, bread) which help plaque grow.
- Specific treatment: Phenytoin (anticonvulsant), calcium channel blockers (for hypertension control), cyclosporine (immunosuppressant drug used to stop the body rejecting a transplant) contraceptive, chemotherapy (Cancer treatment).
Symptoms
Initial symptoms are:
- Gums red, swollen, sensitive
- Gums that bleed easily when brushing or flossing
Because gum disease is not painful, symptoms may go unnoticed and the patient does not require treatment. Untreated, the disease progresses. Periodontitis leading to the symptoms become noticeable:
- Detached from the teeth and gums withdrawn
- bad breath, persistent
- Pus in the gums
- A change in relations between the teeth during chewing
- mobile teeth.
Risk factors
It is possible for a person to develop gum diseases if not regularly brushing teeth or floss or do not use but inefficient, however, remained on the tooth plate.
The risk increases in cases FOLLOWING:
- People who smoke or chew tobacco - Tobacco is considered one of the biggest risk factors, lowering his ability to fight infection, interferes with healing, making possible the emergence of serious problems gums after extraction.
- Genetic - if family history of gum disease, there is a greater potential than normal to appear in other family members, even if they have a good oral hygiene.
- Women going through hormonal changes (menopause, puberty, pregnancy)
- Diseases that weaken the immune system diabetes, AIDS, leukemia.
- Major stress - stress weakens the immune system and increases risk of infection.
- A diet low in vitamins and minerals, which weakens the immune system or eat foods high in sugar and other carbohydrates (cereals, pasta, bread) which help plaque grow.
- Certain treatments: Phenytoin (anticonvulsant), calcium channel blockers (for hypertension control), cyclosporine (immunosuppressant drug used to stop the body rejecting the transplant), pills, chemotherapy (cancer treatment).
Path physiological mechanism
Gingivitis occurs when bacteria on teeth and gums persist, forming plaque.
Plaque and acids produced irritate their gums causing redness and inflammation.
Plaque can develop into tartar (A deposit mineralized) which irritate the gums and can be removed by your dentist.
Untreated gingivitis can go into periodontitis, gums retreating from teeth, finding the root. It creates spaces that form deep in the board, affecting both the gums, bone and teeth that are implanted.
By affecting bone, teeth become mobile and can fall or to be picked.
If a woman has gum disease while you are pregnant is there a possibility to give birth prematurely or to have a baby with low birth weight.
A recent study on a group of elderly showed a direct link between heart disease and bacteria that cause gum disease. The relationship between these diseases is not fully understood.
Consult specialist
Medical specialist is recommended if symptoms or signs following appearance:
- Mobile teeth or who have migrated, causing the space between them
- Pus in the gums
- Withdrawn from the gums or loose teeth
- Bad breath that persists after brushing
- Gums red, swollen, sensitive
- Gums that bleed easily when brushing.
Recommended medical specialists
Be consulted dentist, which evaluates the health of gums.
If disease is severe, see your dentist may recommend one of the following:
- Physician specializing in periodontal disease
- Oro-maxillo-facial surgeon specializing in surgery of mouth.
Watchful waiting
Visit the dentist should be done twice a year, especially if there is a history of gum disease. If you did not consult a physician for more than six months, an appointment must be made immediately. A dentist can remove plaque and tartar around the gum on tooth insertion. Regular checks and professional cleaning can lead to reversal of the process and prevent future gum disease.
When a problem occurs with gum disease, consult a doctor, otherwise it may get worse.
Investigations
Dentist examines your gums and teeth during regular visits. Using mirror and probe dentist check:
- Bleeding gums - The more places that bleed more, much more severe disease.
- Tartar over-and under-gum
- Areas with gums withdrawn and bags formed between the teeth and gums - probe is used to measure the depth of these pockets.
Teeth, the doctor can insert paper strips to measure the amount of fluid caused by inflammation.
Radiographs can be made to observe the bone status and any other issues.
Diagnosis
Regular Visits dental office are the best way to detect gum disease before they cause serious damage. Dentist setting future meetings, depending on your risk of gum disease.
Treatment
Early treatment is important. Its aims are to prevent tissue damage, infection control, prevent tooth mobilization.
To be effective the treatment is necessary:
- To maintain teeth clean by brushing and by flossing
- Regular inspections and professional cleanings
- Avoid smoking - tobacco is considered one of the biggest risk factors, lowering his ability to fight infection, interferes with healing, making possible the emergence of serious problems gums after extraction.
Initial treatment
At this point the process may be reversible. We recommend:
- Brushing morning, after meals and snacks, bedtime
- Flossing at least once a day
- Use an antiseptic mouthwash or antiplaca
Dentist will set appointments for inspection and cleaning. Professional cleaning and scaling removes plaque and tartar, which can not be removed with a toothbrush and floss. Once people had problems with gums, that person must visit your doctor 3-4 Monday.
May prescribe antibiotics to fight infection. It is applied directly to gums, gums that are swallowed or washed and is in the form of mouthwash. It also recommends antibacterial toothpaste, which used regularly, reduces plaque and gingivitis.
More severe gum disease treatment
Gingivitis untreated or unresponsive to treatment turns into periodontitis. This requires prompt treatment to remove the infection and to stop the destruction of teeth and gums. Follows a long-term care, as is keeping your mouth healthy.
It removes plaque and tartar over-and under-gum. This procedure, called root planning, difficult tooth attachment plate.
Antibiotics for dentist may recommend stopping the infection. It is applied directly to the gum, is being swallowed or washed gums as mouthwash.
May need surgery if the infection could not be controlled or there is a massive destruction of gums and teeth. Surgery includes:
- Gingivectomy - Remove loose and reshapes the gum tissue, removing pockets between teeth and gums where plaque can accumulate.
- A procedure that cleans teeth roots and bone repair damaged
- Extraction (removal) or damaged mobile teeth
After surgery may be needed antibiotics or other medicines that help cure and prevent infection.
After treatment, maintaining mandatory health of the mouth by preventing plaque. Caution should be brushing after meals and snacks and daily flossing is. Your dentist may prescribe antibacterial mouthwash and establish an inspection program 3-4 months for cleaning and to ensure that the disease has not recurred.
Note!
Antibiotics as the only method of treatment can not cure severe gum disease. In some cases, root planning combined with antibiotics is enough to stop gum disease, but sometimes, surgery may be necessary.
Surgery
Paradontopaty may be necessary if that can not be cured with antibiotics or root planing. Chirurgical types of treatment:
- Gingivectomy - Remove loose and reshapes the gum tissue, removing pockets between teeth and gums. This procedure can be performed by a specialist surgeon or periodontal disease.
- A procedure that cleans teeth roots and bone repair damaged
- Extraction, removal of mobile teeth or broken - If the procedure is complicated or risky, it can be performed by the oro-maxillo-facial surgeon.
Other procedures needed to repair damaged tissue:
- Registry moving a portion of healthy tissue from another part of the mouth
- Guided tissue regeneration, placement of linings between the gums and bone - This helps to rebuild bone and gums to reattach it.
For that to be successful surgery requires:
- Good hygiene Dental
- Dental checks regular - Once you have a gum condition, consult your dentist to 3-4 months.
- Avoid smoking or chew tobacco. Tobacco decreased ability to fight infection and delays healing. Quitting smoking is difficult, but many people have done it successfully with a combination of drugs, anti-smoking programs and mentoring.
Note!
Gum surgery can cause bacterium (Bacteria in the blood). Antibiotics may be needed before and after surgery if the patient has a medical condition that increases the risk of severe infections:
- Artificial valves or destroyed
- congenital heart defect
- Depressed immune system
- Liver disease (cirrhosis)
- Joint prosthesis
- Bacterial endocarditic
Outpatient treatment (at home)
If your gums are swollen and red, brushing morning, after meals, evening use of floss, helps reversibility of symptoms.
These steps also help to reduce the symptoms:
- Use an anti-tartar toothpastes
- Antiseptic mouthwash or antiplaca
- Chewing a sugarless gum after meals if you can not use toothbrush
- Careful use of toothpick afternoon
Smoking or chewing tobacco and harm as possible to be dropped. Tobacco decreased ability to fight infection and delays healing. Tobacco consumers are likely to six times more likely to develop gum disease compared to nonsmokers. Also have severe problems with the gums leading to tooth mobility and do not respond to treatment. Quitting smoking is difficult, but many people have done it successfully with a combination of drugs, anti-smoking programs and mentoring.
Medications
If brushing and floss not help, your dentist may prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics can be applied directly on the gum, can be swallowed (in capsule form) can be washed gums and teeth as mouthwash or may be placed into periodontal pockets. Can be recommended to a toothpaste containing antibacterial ingredients, which used regularly reduce plaque and gingivitis.
Other treatments
If gum disease, your dentist can perform root planning, considered the most effective method of treatment before the exacerbation. This procedure removes plaque and tartar is deposited between the teeth and gums.
May prescribe antibiotics for speeding healing after root planning.
If you remove plaque and tartar the roots of teeth and follow a treatment oral hygiene smooth, gums to heal and reattach to the teeth. Brushing and flossing are required after root planning. Without appropriate hygiene gum disease worsens.
Other non-surgical procedure performed to cure or prevent gum disease:
- Gingival curettage - Remove the inner layer of damaged and infected gums.
- Immobilization - are used to stabilize wires that move teeth, making them more stable.
Prophylaxis
Can prevent gum disease by brushing, flossing, dental checks twice a year, professional cleanings and a balanced diet.
Brushing
We recommend:
- Brushing after meals, snacks and bedtime
- Use a soft brush, the ends rounded pear trees and brush head but not large enough to reach all surfaces of the teeth. Replace your toothbrush every 3-4 months.
- Use of electric toothbrushes, supported by professional associations. Studies have shown that powered toothbrushes with rotating and oscillating toothbrushes are better than others (even electric).
- Use of fluorinated toothpaste. Children should use a pea paste and how to avoid swallowing fluoride. Some pasta fluorinated offer tartar control, slow the formation of hard mineral teeth.
- Place the brush at an angle of 45 degrees at the junction between tooth and gum. Toothbrush is held firmly and circular movements to "go forth. Do not scrub vigorously, as it can irritate the gums, they inflamed and enamel can be scratched.
- Brushing of all tooth surfaces, tongue and cheek surface. Special attention is given front teeth and all surfaces of back teeth.
- Brushing the chewing surfaces of back teeth with short movements "go forth
- Brushing the tongue. Plaque deposited on the tongue cause bad breath and is bacteria grow.
- Revealing tablets regularly use to check if the card left on the teeth. These tablets are chewed and color plate left on the teeth after brushing. Can buy from pharmacies.
- Consultation with your dentist if it is necessary to use a paste for reducing plaque and gingivitis antimicrobial
If your gums bleed when you brush, the bleeding should stop as healing gums. Bleeding can be a symptom of gum disease and your dentist should be consulted.
Healthy Diet
We recommend:
- Eat many kinds of foods, especially whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and foods low in fat and salt. Good nutrition is vital for children who have developing teeth and adults to maintain healthy gums and avoid tooth caries.
- Mozzarella cheese, nuts, yogurt and milk are good for teeth. Helps remove sugars in the mouth and protect against plaque.
- Avoid foods that contain more sugar, especially sticky, sweet foods like raisins. How much more sugar stays in contact with teeth even more harm.
- Avoiding between-meal snacks
Smoking chewing tobacco or damage and if possible should be abandoned. Tobacco decreases ability to fight infection and delays healing. Tobacco consumers are likely to six times more likely to develop gum disease compared to nonsmokers. Also have severe problems with your gums, causing mobile teeth and not respond to treatment. Quitting smoking is difficult, but many people have done it successfully with a combination of drugs, anti-smoking programs and mentoring. | 
