Acute bronchitis is an inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by bronchial syndrome acute short-term evolution, not accompanied by radiological changes. When this infection occurs, the airways become inflamed, producing more secretions (phlegm) as usual. Inflammation with mucus obstructs breathing 
product. The virus attacks the lining of the bronchial tree prompting her wounds. Normally the body fights the virus, but all the while lining becomes inflamed more and produce more secretions. Corps needed some time to repair damage caused during this period of recovery and it is possible to have a cough and breathing difficult. If you smoke during recovery will take longer.
Bronchitis can be transmitted by coughing. Also those who smoke or who work in places with lots of smoke are at greater risk of contacting acute bronchitis because their lungs have suffered damage.
Acute infectious bronchitis - which is of two types:
- Bronchitis, acute viral (most common), is caused by viruses:influenza A, B, 1,2,3 , respiratory syncytial (mainly affects children and young people), adenoviruses, measles virus, etc...
- Acute bacterial bronchitis appears in the evolution of acute bronchitis virus by superinfection with flora that populates nasopharyngeal normally: pneumococcus, Aerobic and anaerobic streptococci, corynebacteries, neisserii, bactericides.
Acute bronchitis is produced by chemical respiratory irritation after accidental or occupational exposure to various chemical powders, cement, smoke, irritant gases, acid vapor, ammonia or acetone, etc...
Diagnosis of Acute Bronchitis
Is your doctor may perform some tests in order to eliminate other possible diagnosis such as pneumonia.
Viral or bacterial pneumonia, viral infectious disease that begins with climbing and bronchitis syndrome: measles, chicken pox,influenza, infectious mononucleosis, acute bronchitis obstructive require differentiation of onset of asthma.
Blood count is normal or reveals leucopenia (The virus), sometimes leukocytes (in bacterial infections), bacteriological examination of sputum is necessary in patients suffering from a serious chronic disease.
Chest radiography is normal (not performed during pregnancy).
Other diagnostic procedures are rhinoscopies and faringoscopia.
Acute bronchitis in children constitute 20% of acute respiratory infections, 20% of acute bronchitis cases are caused by adenoviruses and up to 10% - of influenza viruses. Lower infant and child acute bronchitis is caused predominantly by respiratory syncytial virus and virus paragripal 3. Acute bronchitis after a viral infection begins with signs rhinitis, Fever. Over 3-4 days dry cough, which in combination with tracheitis frequency becomes excruciating, with burns or chest pain. 2-3 days become productive cough with sputum or muco-serous mucupurulenta, causing the infant and young children vomiting mixed with sputum. In acute bronchitis in children listening to tighten vesicular murmur and sibilant rales and bronchial ronflante.
Acute bronchitis, especially obstructive form, evolving from more serious elderly often aggravate heart failure (induced by ischemic cardiomyopathy or alveolar disease) and complications of stasis with bronchopneumonia.
Duration of uncomplicated acute bronchitis is 5 -10 days and heal completely appropriate treatment, and untreated acute bronchitis, especially in the presence of irritants tends to become chronic.
Treatment for Bronchitis
Bronchitis is caused by a virus, so antibiotics will not help, even if they are colored or thick secretions.
In some cases doctors recommend medications for asthma.
Do not smoke.
Avoid polluted atmosphere.
The treatment of acute bronchitis in children is planned observance of a fluid system optimally to prevent dehydration (the fever and dyspnea). In case of dehydration will be a supplement to oral rehydration. Eating will be common.
Antiviral agents may be administered. Do not give antibiotics (except in cases of mycolasma pneumonias infection that requires treatment with erythromycin). It also manages prepared Mucolytic: acetylcysteine, bromhexine, Efitusina, Mucolytic mucosistina and decoctions, which fluidifica bronchial mucus and facilitate expectoration.
Complications of Acute Bronchitis
Complications are rare and consist of: bronchopneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients taking older than 40 years.
In some cases it may be mistaken for bronchitis and asthma. If coughing or breath noise for a long time, your doctor may do some tests to verify the existence of other lung problems.
Pneumonia can have symptoms similar to those of acute bronchitis.
Bronchitis can be caused by stomach acid penetrated into the lungs during sleep. If cough persists and if you have unpleasant tasting liquid in your mouth, see a doctor. There are drugs that help reduce stomach acid, thus helping the disappearance of cough.
When consult a doctor?
- If the cough lasts more than one month;
- If the fever is common;
- You spit blood;
- When you are breathing difficulties during sleep or when there is swelling in the hands or feet.
The patient must be informed igieno-dietary measures to prevent chronic bronchitis or her:
- Balanced diet, avoid exposure to cold;
- influenza vaccination in winter, especially the elderly, children and young people suffering from mucoviscedoza, young people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
- chemotherapy Prophylactic: Amantadine for influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus rimantadina, acyclovir for Herpes simplex virus.
Treatment duration is less than 5 days.
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